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Swaggie Essay Which Italian city-state commanded the renaissance until the fifteenth century? Florence 2. A significant contrast among Italian and Northern Renaissance was that the Italian renaissance was increasingly mainstream. 3. The attributes of Italian Renaissance workmanship are curvilinear rhythms, rich shading, and detail. 4. Privileged ladies during the Italian Renaissance declined in status. 5. A significant distinction between European culture in the Renaissance contrasted with society in the later medieval times was that the renaissance society encountered a feeling of self independent and more prominent than their forerunners 6. Distinguish attributes of the sixteenth century gem, Toledo, by El Greco: demonstrated a dismissal of Renaissance beliefs 7. Who was Niccolo Machiavelli and how could he accept a ruler should act? He was a government worker of the Florentine republic and accepted a ruler ought to be effective in keeping up and picking up power and to not be constrained my ethical standards 8. A significant attribute of â€Å"new monarchs† of the late fifteenth and sixteenth hundreds of years was their solid feeling of illustrious position and national reason. 9. How does Thomas More in Utopia depict the states of sixteenth century England? Imperfect social organizations/avarice were answerable for human debasement 10. In the period 1450 to 1550â€how would you clarify the significant contrasts between society in Renaissance Italy and the social orders of France and England? France and England were progressively strict and the Renaissance was an improvement of wide social change dependent on Christian goals. Recognize the accompanying sixteenth century Catholic figures: [only need to realize that Teresa of Avila advanced emotionalism and an individual relationship with God] 2. The thoughts of Martin Luther and John Calvin were comparable that: they kept up the ceremonies of fellowship and absolution. 3. The workmanship entitled the Passional of Christ and Antichrist mirror: the Lutheran development dismissed degenerate acts of the Roman Catholic church 4. The Council of Trent (1545-1563) is noteworthy on the grounds that it finished pluralism and non-appearance, increased the expectations of the pastorate, and reaffirmed Catholic practices. 5. What European ruler represented the greatest deterrent to the spread of Protestantism in the sixteenth century? Charles V 6. Ignatius Loyola: made Society of Jesus and helped convert quite a bit of Europe back to Catholicism 7. Talk about the regulation of the Anglican Church under Henry VIII: the lord is the leader of the congregation, was a perpetual break with Rome, broke down English cloisters for their riches, and was among Catholicism and Protestantism 8. Distinguish the aftereffects of the Treaty of Westphalia: finished clash over strict beliefs and perceived the power of German rulers CHAPTER 15: EXPLORATION 1. The primary European voyager to locate an all-water course to India by adjusting the southern tip of Africa was Vasco de Gama. 2. Given data about every one of these travelers, take a gander at the individuals who may have been against the pitiless treatment of American Indians in the sixteenth century New World: a) Francisco pizarro-vanquished Incans, and arrived in Peru b) Christopher Columbus-found Caribbean, savage to the locals c) Bartolome de Las Casas-Spanish preacher, needed to end Indian subjugation, began dark subjection d) Tomas de Torquemada-headed Spanish Inquisition e) Philip II-not a pilgrim, supported the voyagesâ 21. Recognize mechanical developments and headways utilized in route during the sixteenth century: transport gun, astrolabe, caravel, attractive compass 22. What nation was the first to acquaint African bondage with the New World? Portugal 23. Distinguish some quick reasons for the Thirty Years’ War. Defenestration of Prague [act of tossing somebody out a window] 24. Clarify the effect of the business upset had on Western European Society: progressively created towns, ground-breaking country states, period of rivalry for abroad settlements, expansion, bourgeoisie impact expanded, and increment in way of life 25. Clarify the job the Dutch Republic played in exchange and account during the main portion of the seventeenth century: began assuming responsibility for Portuguese and Spanish property in the New World, controlling abroad exchange, and probably the biggest force in exchange 26. Clarify the job that Henry IV of France played in governmental issues: finished France’s common war and utilized useful trade offs to explain policy centered issues [sacrificed religion for political need Recognize reasons for the English common war: character of King Charles I, decay of intensity of the English government, expanding the boat charge, conflicts with Scots, and a reaction to dangers made against Parliament 28. Clarify the political speculations of Jacques-Benign Bossuet: firmly trusted in the heavenly right of rulers and political absolutism 29. Distinguish the aftereffects of the heavenly Revolution in England: bill of rights including strict opportunity for Catholics, sole intensity of Parliament [on test: didn't dismiss mercantilism] 30. Clarify the significant results of the Treaty of Utrecht (1713): set the cutoff points where one force could extend and finished the decay of Spain 31. Clarify the significant distinction between the social orders of eastern and western Europe during the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds of years: the degree of control the respectability had over the proletariat (Eastern Europe’s workers endured a descending movement in rights contrasted with Western Europe’s laborers picking up rights). Recognize and clarify the job the Fredrick William the â€Å"Great Elector† had during the 1640s to 1680s: duke of Prussiaâ€promoted exchange and household changes that helped transform Prussia into an European force 33, Explain a portion of the achievements of Peter the Great: a ruler that carried numerous Western impacts to modernize Russia, increment serfdom, and built up the Baltic locale of Russia 34. How did the Ottoman Empire keep up control of southeastern Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds of years? Constrained Christian kids into the military [conscription] 35. Recognize some of Catherine the Great’s accomplishments: crushed the Ottoman Turks, picked up land in Poland, annulled torment, set up strict toleration, training for young ladies, and set up the Legislative commission. 36. What was King Louis XIV’s Edict of Fontainebleau? What did it supplant? Repudiated the order of Nantes and supplanted the Peace of Augsburg 37. The way to monetary success of the Dutch Republic in the mid sixteenth century was: strict toleration and cosmopolitan culture CHAPTER 18: ENLIGHTENMENT 38. Clarify what voltaire's identity is and his job in governmental issues. French illumination essayist that advanced common freedoms, for example, strict toleration and was an incredible savant 39. Clarify who Cardinal Richelieu is and his job in governmental issues: reshuffled the imperial committee, partitioned France into 32 regions, executed and controlled nobles 40. Clarify what deism is: a conviction dependent on a progressively common perspective on the universe 41. Isaac Newton’s Principia (1687) was significant in science since it showed how the world functioned however logical, common powers 42. Francis bacon is likewise a notable individual during the Scientific Revolution since he began the logical technique and thought to dismiss everything except if you could demonstrate it 43. Vesalius is additionally a notable individual during the logical upheaval since he established present day life systems and composed the most compelling book on human life structures. 44. Clarify the Catholic Church’s reaction to Copernicus’s heliocentric theory:â the congregation reacted gradually however by and large didn't bolster it as it was conflicting to the past convictions 45. Clarify the Catholic Church’s reaction to Galileo: the Church attempted him for blasphemy, constrained him to abjure, and spend a mind-blowing remainder in house capture 46. Jean-Jacques Rousseau and his political (government) convictions: the ruler is controlled by the general will of the individuals (which may not be the lion's share) and should serve it or the individuals will revolt 47. Recognize the â€Å"Enlightened Rulers† and the nations they administered: Fredrick the Great-Prussia; Catherine the Great-Russia; Joseph II and Maria Theresa-Austria 48. What was the steady international strategy that compromised the Austrian Hapsburgs somewhere in the range of 1525 and 1700? Turkish advances into Eastern and Central Europe CHAPTER 19: EXPANSION OF EUROPE 49. Clarify a portion of the results of the farming upset in the eighteenth century: pivot of harvests 50. Clarify Adam Smith’s political and monetary perspectives: he was incredulous of mercantilism and the government’s job in financial matters; he needed a free market economy [laizee faire economics] and needed an arrangement of common freedom CHAPTER 20: CHANGING LIFE OF THE PEOPLE What sickness were Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and Edward Jenner ready to control? Little pox 52. During the eighteenth century, how were kids treated, or raised? [On test: white collar class families turned out to be more youngster focused and nurturing] CHAPTER 21: FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON 53. Napoleon’s acknowledgment of the Concordat of 1801 brought about: improved relations between the French Government and Roman Catholic Church 54. What social gathering had the option to keep up the vast majority of its benefits during the French Revolution and Napoleonic time? The lower class 55. Clarify the Tennis Court Oath. Who was included, who was this about, and the final product. The 3 French bequests were in a gridlock over a National Assembly; the third domain severed and made their own National Assembly, vowing to not disband their National Assembly until a constitution was made 56. Clarify the Continental System under Napoleon Bonaparte: was intended to avoid British merchandise in exchange yet was not fruitful 57. Clarify what French society was preceding the French Revolution: the bourgeoisie had money related riches and influence, however barely any legitimate rights since they were avoided from different classes 58. Clarify how the English Civil War a