Thursday, November 28, 2019
Dating Process
Introduction The issue to be analyzed in the paper is the dating process. It may be true that this is an extremely personal issue and may differ from person to person, however, there is still no doubt that certain similarities are synonymous to the British culture and these serve to reinforce both gender values and societal identities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Dating Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Observation The dating process is a complex process because it often involves a series of settings, interactions and occurrences. Dating usually starts with that first contact between couples. In the UK, this may occur in college, a sports arena or even a pub. In fact, many individuals now consider a bar as a usual place to get a potential date. After two people have met and exchanged phone numbers, one of the parties will usually ask the other for a date. In previous decades, this task was a considered a preserve for males in relationships but this is no longer the case. Both men and women have the option of asking the other party out; this is usually done over the phone. After the arrangement has been made, most couples will often select ambient locations for that perfect date. However, bars and other social scenes such as music concerts, movie theatres are still alright. The last two locations are usually appropriate for people who have already met for the first date (Trotta, 2006). Most people will be excited about the idea of dating a new person and will usually introduce that individual to their peers as soon as possible. When on a date, couples will often carry on conversations that depend on how long they have known each other. If it is their first time then most people will avoid heavy conversations. Many will also keep away from excessive alcohol as it is generally considered repulsing to get too drunk on the first date. Nonetheless, as couples get to know one another, t hey can often let loose and be themselves. During those dates, both individuals may choose to split the bill. Flirting is something that generally occurs during the dating process. Also, a couple will walk side by side and often hold hands. British men tend not to open doors or pull seats for their dates as they are more casual in their approach. People who date in this culture are also rather open about public displays of affection. Hugging and kissing in public can often be observed in parks, restaurants, theatres and the like. In bars and late dates, these displays may get more intense. As couples get to know each other, most will start having sex. Sometimes this may occur sooner rather than later depending on the prerogative of the said individuals. Some may get intimate on the first or second date while others may opt to hold on a little longer. In fact, no strings sexual relations are quite rampant in the dating scene. Certain individuals may date exclusively for that purpose. Others may simply be looking for someone to keep them company without necessarily having intentions to marry their dates in the future. In fact, when some people start dating, marriage may be the last thing on their minds (Trotta, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Description As mentioned earlier, British dates are characterised by public displays of affection. Many may touch each other and others may kiss. Some will express their love by looking deep into their datesââ¬â¢ eyes. This is a distinct aspect of western cultures as many individuals in other countries such as the US often do the same. Regan, et. al (1999) claim that touching behaviour is directly related to oneââ¬â¢s ethnicity or oneââ¬â¢s race. Public displays of affection during most British dates are synonymous to the western culture. This nation is a high contact culture where touching one another i n public is something that is acceptable among heterosexual couples. This aspect therefore gives away the fact that the country is quite typical of many other European interactions between individuals. What is even more interesting is that the country has witnessed a continual rise of dating experts and advice columnists in magazines and online forums. Psychologists and sociologists have also taken a keen interest on this dating scene. Many have done researches around it while others target those who are already involved in dating to give them relationship advice. It is debatable whether these so called advisers are helping or harming relationships. Some have no experience whatsoever and may purport to know what they are talking about. Alternatively, some may continue perpetuating the off handed approach to dating by making it seem okay to do what people who date do. Discussion The dating scene is indicative of gender roles that society generally accepts. In certain parts of the cou ntry, the public would be offended by two men kissing each other. This indicates that heterosexual relationships are still in the mainstream and that men and women are expected to go out with members of the opposite sex. It should be noted that these opinions actually apply to public displays of affection and not the right to date one another. On the flipside of this issue is the degree of emancipation that British women possess (Kass, 1997). The fact that they can participate in payment of the bill illustrates that they are indeed economically empowered or they are at a place where they do not wish to be dependent on men. British men will not feel the need to open doors or pull chairs for their dates because they may also be aware of the level of independence inherent in their ladies. Certain feminists find it offensive for a man to do these things for them on dates. They claim that this is dominating and may actually illustrate that women are the weaker sex. Indeed one only needs to look at occurrences in other cultures around the world to realize how extreme situations are in the UK. In China, sex is something that is exclusive to married couples and dating couples simply do not have that luxury.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Dating Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A certain level of cynicism has crept into the dating scene. Many men are not as respectful of their dates as their fathers or older relatives. A number of them actually have the intention of getting into a physical relationship with the concerned dates and after achieving this, they will often terminate that relationship and move onto the next one. One of the reasons for this observation could lie in the fast culture. Many individuals are currently constrained by day to day challenges especially at their workplaces. Consequently, most do not have time and patience to date someone for a long time before they can get intimate with that individual. Indeed this casual dating behaviour and lack of respect for females illustrates an underlying British problem where people have grown restless or are now used to instant gratification. Anything that proves to be too hard for them will cause them to look for other options. Without a doubt, dating has changed tremendously over the years thus denoting the fact that it has now become a multi-layered structure. This change took place during the 1930s with the advent of movie theatres. Prior to creation of these structures, dating was considered a public act that took place in the confines of peopleââ¬â¢s private homes under the heavy scrutiny of older family members such as parents. However, after the social scene changed in the 1930s, dating started becoming a private event that took place in the public. Now dating could become more exciting by dancing, going to the movies or just enjoying an interesting time at the park (Burzumuto, 2007). This trend h as been perpetuated into modern times although the main difference between then now is that most people have different intentions when dating. While some do it with the objective of marrying their dates, most will rarely think of going that far. In fact, this is symptomatic of what eventually goes on in subsequent phases of peopleââ¬â¢s lives. The casual approach that starts during dates is often carried forward into the marriage setting. Cases of promiscuity prior to marriage have become more common today than they were before. Furthermore, infidelity, illegitimate children and high divorce rates are a rampant problem. Dating sets a precedent for what goes on in later life and these statistics actually indicate that there could be something wrong with the manner in which courtship takes place in the British setting. The lack of some sort of cultural script for dating and courtship could be what is causing these issues. Educated, middle class Britons are getting married at a late r date than couples in previous generations and at less frequent rates with more hesitation than their forefathers. These results could be due to the fact that dating has become an unscripted affair that basically allows anyone to decide what goal they want to achieve.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Britain is an individualistic society and this can be seen in the way people consume, they way they walk, interact and also the way they date. A number of things in the typical date do testify to this assertion. First of all, public displays of affection may make certain people uncomfortable (Remland et al, 1995). This is especially true if the setting is not suited for such deeds. For instance dating couples that fondle deeply in a train would offend a number of elderly people. Consequently, couples who do that are displaying individualistic behaviour because they do not care about what other people think of them. When British culture is compared to certain collectivist cultures like Asian cultures, it is easy to see the difference in dating behaviour. Koreans and the Chinese tend to shun public displays of affection because they have a high degree of conflict avoidance. They care so much about what other people think about them so they would not want to cause any sort of friction. It is therefore interesting to note how a simple act in the dating scene is actually indicative of an ingrained individualistic mode of living (Kass, 1997). In centuries past, courtship was a crucial component of preparation to marriage. However, this term has now been replaced with the term dating because most people regard courtship as archaic. Dating clearly has fewer rules and may represent the complacency that most Britons are looking for. People in this country tend to look for things that simplify their lives. Therefore, if they stumble upon something that requires too much of their time and energy then they will simply discard it and replace it with something easier. Indeed western nations are paying the price for this disposableness by facing greater irregularities in marriage (Kass, 1997). Irrespective of this laid-back manner in dating, there are still certain rules that apply in the process. For example, it is still preferable for people to drink less in dates. Furtherm ore, some couples prefer waiting before they can indulge in sex. They want to get to know each other first before they can take things further. Also, open affection among gays is not welcome in certain parts. Consequently, these issues still illustrate that there are some values that govern the British dating. These aspects make the society what it is and often cause some foreigners discomfort if they are unaware of them and get into the country. Dating practices in the British setting serve to integrate Britons into the wider western culture because most practices in that part of the world are more casual than serious. Notions of independence and feminine empowerment espoused in the dating scenario are indicative of other goings on in the western world. Women are considered empowered and they need to reveal this in terms of dating behaviour. On the other hand, when western culture is compared to most other world cultures then dating processes only serve to isolate the British case. Many cultures in the Middle East, Asia and Africa treat dating very seriously. These couples will follow very strict dating rules and will normally do so with the intention of marrying or getting married to their dates in the future. Consequently, the world often frowns at this casual approach in dating since most other cultures take dating seriously. The issue of physical intimacy cannot even be discussed during dates as it is a reserve for the married ones. Furthermore the degree of respectfulness is much higher in these non western cultures than it is within the British setting. Conclusion The dating process is indicative of an open minded and laid back approach to marriage. In this regard, it testifies to the individualistic culture synonymous to many western societies. Furthermore, it is indicative of gender roles in the country as most dates will portray an emancipated and independent woman. Dating processes also explain the values and norms that society holds about heterosex ual relationships and this serves to integrate Britons into the western culture but isolates them from other cultures of the world. References Remland M., Jones T. Brinkman H. (1995). Interpersonal distance, body orientation, and touch: Effects of culture, gender, and age. The Journal of Social Psychology 135(3):281ââ¬â288. Regan P., Jerry, D., Narvaez M, Johnson, D. (1999). Public displays of affection among Asian and Latino heterosexual couples. Psychological Reports. 1999;84:1201ââ¬â1202 Trotta, J. (2006). British and American Dating habits. NY: WordPress Burzumuto, R. (2007). A brief history of Courtship and Dating in America. Boundless Magazine, March, 1 Kass, L. (1997). The end of courtship. National affairs 126 This essay on Dating Process was written and submitted by user Scarlet Vulture to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Monday, November 25, 2019
Yugoslavia essays
Yugoslavia essays Throughout history, the Balkans have been a crossroads, zone of endless military, cultural, and economic mixing and clashing between Europe and Asia, Christianity and Islam, Catholicism and Orthodoxy. Subject to violent shifts of borders, rulers and belief systems at the hands of the worlds greatest empires- the Balkans are often called Europes tinderbox and a seething cauldron of ethnic and religious resentments. This paper will discuss some of the geographical, ethnic and political influences that caused the geographical boundaries of the former Yugoslavia to change from 1900 to 2003. The first section of this paper discusses some of the geographical features of the Balkan region and the influences they may have had on the history and evolution of Yugoslavia. The second section will discuss the actual evolution and changes of the former Yugoslavia from 1900 through 2003. From this the reader will gain a fuller understanding of some of the factors behind the continued and long-standing unrest in this part of the world. Over the course of history many writers and scholars attributed the almost continuous fighting, bloodshed and ever-shifting borders of the Balkans and more particularly, Yugoslavia, to the deep-rooted ethnic and religious differences that have existed in this region for centuries. As much as these ethnic and religious differences play a key role in the continued violence in this area, one cannot ignore the less than subtle role that the geography of the region has also played. The Balkans could be described as being located at the crossroads or intersection of three major influences: Asia, Europe and Asia Minor. Influenced by the great empires of the Byzantine, Ottoman, Roman, Greek and Austrian-Hungary, this area of the world has truly been the crossroads of many diverse religious, ethnic and political influences. It is no surprise that it is one of the few places in the worl...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Ethical approval Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Ethical approval - Essay Example There should be one for the patients and one for the nurses. I have attached a copy of the participant information sheet which you are expected to use and which you will need to amend to reflect your study 3: You still need to include the interview schedules ââ¬â there should be one for the patient and one for the nurses. These should detail the questions you will use to guide your semi-structured interview I confirm that I have read and understood the information sheet for the above study titled ââ¬Å"Acute Pain for Postoperative Patients in Kuwait: A Study of How Surgical Nurses Assess Postoperative Painâ⬠and what my contribution will be. I deem it a great privilege to seek your invitation to be part of the present research study. It is crucial that you understand the purpose of the research and what your role would be as a participant. I therefore ask that you make time to critically study the information provided below. Please feel free to ask any questions if any portion of the information appears unclear to you. Finally, you are free to decide whether or not to be part of the study. It is good to note that the research seeks to fulfil three major health related purposes which include the need investigate what the knowledge of nurses are on pain assessment; outline the various perceptions that nurses and patients hold on pain assessment; and find out what the risk factors associated with patients response to post-operative pain are. The major reason for including you as a participant for the current study is for you to provide experience based data on your experiences with pain as a patient who has gone through surgical operation in a Kuwait medical setting before. The major line of data that will be needed from you will include your experience with pain and how you assessed pain, before and after the operation. The major reason for including you as a participant for the current research is for you to provide evidence based data
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
MCCS ( Marine Corps Community Services ) Research Paper
MCCS ( Marine Corps Community Services ) - Research Paper Example 20). The MCCS has achieved significant accomplishments since its establishment. Their missions are based on peace models. The war on terrorism is straining their missions and support programs that are majorly built on peace models. This terrorism war is slowing down the MCCS programs. MCCS, therefore, have program assessment that the leaders directly send feedbacks to the MCCS. The MCCs are in constant contact with the marines and their family. This has made the MCCSââ¬â¢ transition on operation and family preparedness better in service provision (Ibp Usa, 2007, p. 264). Radical changes positively affected their strategic planning in their organization. The changes in planning led to the establishment of the MCCS strategy and vision 2025. The broader Marine Corps sees the implementation of the MCCS vision 2025. The vision 2025 document establishes the base of projected operations and points out the steps to achieving the 2025 goals. The documents ensure proper organization, better equipping, training and enhance preparedness to meet future challenges today. The vision shows the values, competence and the principles of the organization (Ibp Usa, 2007, p. 283). Diversity management The Broader Marine Corps family and the Individual Marine supports the Marine Corps Community Services. ... These values serve as the foundation for moral behavior, professional conduct and behavior of the Marine. Customer values like courtesy, loyalty and responsibility guide the Corps. The Community team takes good care of Marine, their families, they offer them assistance. The Corps is knowledgeable, professional and resourceful. They invest in Marine Corps mission. They handle the health matters of the marine and their families (United States. Dept. of the Army, 2007, p. 45). The Corps are bold, responsible, creative and intelligent. Marine provide a positive experience to every person they serve. They pursue opportunities, ensuring implementation of innovative services. These services provide strategic planning and great operational synergies. They put more efforts on the organizational strong points by bringing in designed polices and resources. This improves the Corps services and delivery programs. They capitalize on human organization dimension. This improves management quality se rvices. They train their workforce to get the skills to deliver quality services (Corps, 2000, p. 5). The Corps have principles that define their beliefs. The Corps derive their mission and their instincts of operation from their beliefs. Different principles, philosophy and the previously mentioned values, define the cultural identity of the Corps. They express what the Corps believe in. the Marine Corps have enduring principle. The marine has the best customer and community services. Every member in the Marine provides quality customer services. These services are unmatched by any other firm. The marine operates freely without restriction from a single domain and takes every operating domain important: social services, recreational programs and retailing service production, are all
Monday, November 18, 2019
Personal statement for MS Information System in Pace University Essay
Personal statement for MS Information System in Pace University - Essay Example fter looking for long for an institution with a package for accomplishing my dream of pursue masters of Science in information system, I found out that Pace University is an ideal institution from where to fulfill it. My confidence draws partly from the knowledge that the institution has met both national and international accreditation standards. This makes me believe that the degree will be an added advantage to my dream job in an international organization. The other source for my confidence in pursuing MS in information system at Pace University is the fact that I have been living in the United States since 2009 and, therefore, will have an easy time adapting to the environment of the institution. I am currently pursuing an international business course at Lynn University in Boca, Raton. While at Lynn University, I have engaged in different activities that have imparted me with important lessons. I have helped organize different team projects and events that gave me strong strategic and organizational skills. I have prepared reports for different lectures delivered by distinguished entrepreneurs and chief executive officers on campus and have acquired exceptional writing and analytical skills. Further, I have acquired survey and research skills from my involvement in the Student Volunteer-Habitat for Humanity club. Also, I am outgoing, can get along easily with different people, and will enjoy making connections with my colleagues, alumni, industry insiders, and faculty. I enjoy acquiring new knowledge and the programââ¬â¢s team of advisers will help me make the best out of my study at Pace University. It is impressive to know that Pace University MS program will give me the required practical skills fundamental in accomplishing my ultimate long term goal. Further, my Bachelor of Science in International Business Management will make be a flexible employee capable of revolutionizing any business and IT firm I will be hired. This will be enhanced by internship
Friday, November 15, 2019
Why Do Cities Develop at Different Rates?
Why Do Cities Develop at Different Rates? Why do cities and regions develop at different rates and with different trajectories, andà how can planning and development policy address issues of uneven development? ââ¬Å"Development trajectories are not straight forward for local governments to solveâ⬠(Hall and Hesse, 2013), there are many reasons why cities and regions develop at different rates and trajectories. This essay aims to explore some of the theories behind uneven development trajectories such as is the world becoming flat and time ââ¬â space compression or alternatively the fact uneven development does occur with competitiveness and knowledge industry. Secondly this essay will then explain some possible planning strategies and policies that address the issues of uneven development such as land ownership, zoning and bottom up governance. Uneven development occurs across the world and there are many different reasons for different rates growth. some theorists however believe development is relatively even, Friedman (2005) describes the world as becoming flat, this is due to the technological advancements which have resulted in a globalised economy and ââ¬Å"the development of a common global cultureâ⬠(Held, 2004:88). The location of a company is no longer important; you can be successful anywhere in the world without having to move this is due to the ââ¬ËBorderless economy created by technological improvementsââ¬â¢ (Sander, 2005). Friedman describes this by stating ââ¬Ëwhen the world is flat you can innovate without having to emigrateââ¬â¢ (Friedman, 2005). Friedmanââ¬â¢s view has been shared by other economists who describe the levelling effect on the economy to be even in many ways (Florida, 2005:48). Even though borderless economies can improve regions and cities across the world Mander and Ba rker (2002) question whether this development positively affects everyone by stating that ââ¬Å"Economic globalisation makes things worse for poor people not betterâ⬠(Mander and Baker, 2002:2). Harvey (1989) also shared similar views to Friedman through the idea of time-space compression as a cause to the flattening of the world. Time space Compression is described by Harvey as time and space forced to alter due to technological advancements and capitalism which has ââ¬Å"sped up the pace of lifeâ⬠(Harvey, 1989:240). It creates ââ¬Å"a significant acceleration of social, particularly capitalist, dynamics due to a new global communications networkâ⬠(Stalder, 2006), Time-space compression simply referrers to the ââ¬Å"Increased velocity of the circulation of goods, people and informationâ⬠(Thrift and May, 2001:106). It overcomes spatial barriers and opens up new markets through high speed communication, something that Leamer (2007) explains as being an important factor to creating even development. Good communication and technologies enables good knowledge transfer and therefore no need for agglomeration resulting in development that is spread equally. Opposing the above arguments there is the argument that development occurs at uneven trajectories. Florida (2005) describes how there has been explosive growth in population numbers within cities, ââ¬Å"now in some advanced countries three out of four people live in urban areasâ⬠(Florida, 2005:48). He explains that this has caused development across the world to be ââ¬Ëspikeyââ¬â¢ due to the world being â⬠full of clusters where location matters, most notably in citiesâ⬠(Feiock et al., 2008). Florida describes the idea of a ââ¬Ëcreative classââ¬â¢ as a reason why many people migrate to cities as increasing development is seen in these areas. Florida (2002) describes successful regions and cities as attracting the ââ¬Ëcreative classââ¬â¢, these people consist of ââ¬Å"young, upwardly and geographically mobile professionalsâ⬠. And many are often associated as being ââ¬Ëbohemiansââ¬â¢ and creative people (Stolarick and Florida, 2006), this is described by Millander et al. (2014) as a ââ¬Å"creative milieuâ⬠. These people are attracted to the idea of community, the ââ¬Å"attraction and retention of these individuals becomes a centrepiece of economic growthâ⬠(Feiock et al., 2008). The clustering of creative classes in cities and areas of technological advancement leaves uneven distribution of knowledge across a nation (Mellander et al., 2014) which often leads to regions having different development trajectories. Nagle (1995:14) Cited from Myrdal (1955) explains the concept of cumulative causation through a core- periphery model, this presents the ââ¬Å"unfolding of events as a consequence of the multiplier effectâ⬠(Mayhew, 2009) Regional advantages attract investment creating a core region of development, ââ¬Å"Skilled workers investment, new technology and developments gravitate from periphery regions to the coreâ⬠(Nagle 1995:14. Demand for goods comes from the periphery areas creating the backwash effect. Finally knowledge overflow and increased demand may create growth in periphery areas; this is known as the spread effect. A Perfect example of this is the silicon valley in California, here a business cluster of innovation and knowledge has resulted in enhanced competition and clustering, creating a core development region and at the same time has periphery regions. The rate of development of a nation often refers to the nation as a whole; this is arguably out dated as ââ¬Å"nations-states were created to meet the needs of a much earlier historical periodâ⬠(Hashimoto, 2013). Due to a the borderless economy that has been created as a result of globalisation itââ¬â¢s now suggested that nations states should be converted to regional-states, ââ¬Å"regional-states are natural economic zones which are drawn by the deft invisible hand of the global marketâ⬠(Ohmea, 1995) High levels of innovation create clusters of technology industries forcing greater competitiveness. Porter (2008) describes the importance of competitiveness in determining development trajectories of a certain region as Competitiveness is global as well as regional. ââ¬Å"Competiveness of a region or nation has been a primary focus for governments wishing to seek investment and create jobsâ⬠(Porter, 2008), this is due to the potential development it can attract. Porterââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëcompetitive advantage diamond modelââ¬â¢ displays the economic benefits clustering can bring to regions through a range of factors contributing to competitiveness (porter, 1990). The model is used to analyse the competiveness through four factors, for example customer characteristics etc. (Walker, 2004:177). ââ¬Å"Improving competitiveness is central to raising the underlying rate of growth of the economy and enhancing living standardsâ⬠(Shafaeddin, 2012), this therefore suggests that regions and cities which experience more competitiveness are likely to have greater development trajectories. Huggins and Izushi (2011) explain how Porters model can be used to create a competitive advantage; it is this advantage that arguably creates different rates of development in cities and regions. Competitiveness is vital for economic growth however Prasnikar (2006:325) explains it can sometimes lead to unsustainable development and therefore companies must maintain corporate social responsibility. Huggins and Thompson (2010) development index is a way of measuring competitiveness, ââ¬Å"competitiveness involves the upgrading and economic development of all places together, rather than the improvement of one place at the expense of anotherâ⬠(Huggins and Thompson, 2010:4). This can be used by governments to monitor and assess the development of regions. Development rates can differ due to the amount of inward investment a region attracts. Opposing Harvey and Friedman, globalization has arguably been a main cause of uneven development as it ââ¬Å"has been governed in ways that are undemocratic and have been disadvantageous to developing countriesâ⬠(Stigltz, 2002). It is therefore vital that correct planning and development policies are put in place to ensure cities and regions can develop as one sustainably. Itââ¬â¢s important to note that countries promoting the best policies in addressing uneven development use a ââ¬Å"wide range of actors, key participants and influencesâ⬠¦ which are in almost all cases built upon public ââ¬â private partnershipâ⬠(Huggins and Izushi, 2007:118). There are several specific development policies that can be put into place in order to address issues associated with uneven development. ââ¬Å"Good development policy is context specificâ⬠(World Bank, 2003:9), this means a policies effectiveness may vary between regions and cities and therefore policies chosen must address specific issues of the region. Globalisation has given way to multinational corporations having large amounts of power due to their size and global reach, ââ¬Å"multinationals and governments competing for control over operations during market expansionâ⬠(Luo, 2002:73). As a result many multinationals can gain leverage over governments. As rates of development vary due to context, development should therefore be controlled regionally resulting in differing policy and development plans. The use of governments ââ¬Å"top-down, Centralising, ââ¬Ëone size fits allââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Bradbury, 2008:132) polices contradicts the importance of context specif ic initiatives as policy are likely to prove ineffective in some regions. It is therefore suggested that bottom-up planning is introduced; this is more effective as it offers bespoke polies relevant to the characteristics of a region. Das (2005) Explains this will devolve power to regions and cities increasing democracy, as a result this should enhance conditions for sustainable development. A great example where Bottom up planning is being put into action is in England where the introduction of neighbourhood plans though the localism act of 2011 has made way for planning that is more deliverable and realistic in achieving sustainable development (Chetwyn, 2013). Land ownership within development planning is also vital for sustainable development, itââ¬â¢s important that correct development and planning policy is created to ensure arbitrate land use conflicts between social, economic, and spatial use are dealt with (Linchfield, 1980:8). This is specifically important in developing counties where often land rights are distributed unfairly and leave land owners sceptical as to whether or not they will be able to retain their land. By granting Land ownership this creates enterprise, motivation and promotes innovation (Lipton, 2009:2), the uncertainty of land rights can often stall development as investment is reduced which Fatas and Mihov (2009:7) described as one of 4 factors contributing to the economic development of regions. Government intervention plays an important role in the creation of successful development policies; another way of improving the rate of development across a region sustainably is to introduce taxes on land. Shirazi a nd Shah (1991:140) suggest that this will provide additional revenues to central governments allowing them to invest in infrastructure which would attract investment, ââ¬Å"good infrastructure attracts investment by connecting firms to their customers and suppliersâ⬠(OECD, 2006:59). In Tanzania and many African nations have seen success form land ownership, it has ââ¬Å"spurred economic growth and improved shared prosperity for the countrys populationâ⬠(All Africa, 2013) The use of successful development plans is essential in addressing uneven development. There are several aspects such and bottom-up planning already discussed that can contribute to reducing uneven development. Land use zoning is another strategy that is efficient in addressing uneven development. Zoning plans are designed by the government and decide ââ¬Å"what kind of buildings can be built and where in the community they can be builtâ⬠(Euchner and McGovern, 2003:155). The use of zoning separates different land uses that could perhaps conflict such as ââ¬Å"residential, business and industrial usesâ⬠(Soule, 2006:30). It controls new sustainable development that doesnââ¬â¢t affect any existing development. Zoning is able to create even development as it regulates where certain types of development can take place, this can replace previous systems where ââ¬Å"restrictive land use policies have discouraged new companies and new job creation (Baily and Kirkegaard, 200 4:8). By using a zoning scheme ââ¬Å"specific beneficial incentives can be offered in return for specific contributions by the developerâ⬠(Silberstein and Maser, 2000:35). This would attract investment to areas of a region as well as improving infrastructure and creating jobs, encourage the creative classes to locate to these areas resulting in more even development. The United States of America has seen ââ¬Å"Great success of Euclidean zoningâ⬠(Soule, 2007:27), zoning can be found as the foundation of many American development plans such as Chicago. With population numbers rising and a globalising economy; development is set to increase, it therefor vital sustainable planning policies are operating. This essay has displayed some possible reasons for why cities and regions might develop at different rates though theorist such as Florida (2005) and porter (2008), they suggest that Creative classes and competitiveness create uneven development. Friedman (2005) and Harvey (1989) argue against this idea of development being ââ¬Ëspikeyââ¬â¢ and suggest due to globalisation and a borderless economy; location is not important allowing development to take place at the same rate. Planning and development policy can play an influential role in addressing uneven development as well as maintaining sustainable development. This essay has displayed several effective policy schemes such as Bottom-up governance, land rights, taxation and land use zoning that have proved effective in tackling uneven development. In conclusion uneven develop ment is occurring; it is possible to tackle uneven development though successful policy however it must be remembered that many regions develop at different rates. Many of these are located in less economically developed countries which lack effectiveness in delivering successful policy. As a result its vital that these countries have the support form supra-national bodies such as The United Nations and World Bank in order to achieve development that addresses uneven development and is sustainable for future generations. Bibliography All Africa (2013) [ONLINE] http://allafrica.com/stories/201312300059.html (Assessed 22/1/14). Bailey, M, Kirkegaard, J (2004) ââ¬Å"Transforming the European Economyâ⬠, The Institute for International Economics. Bradbury, J (2008) ââ¬Å"Devolution, Regionalism and Regional Development: The UK Experienceâ⬠, Routledge. Chetwyn, D. (2013) ââ¬Å"Quick guide to neighbourhood plansâ⬠, Urban Vision Enterprise CIC. Das, P, S. (2005) ââ¬Å"Decentralized Planning and Participatory Rural Developmentâ⬠, Concept Publishing Company. Euchner,C, McGovern, S (2003) ââ¬Å"Urban Policy Reconsidered: Dialogues on the Problems and Prospects of American Cities. Fatas, A, Mihov, J (2009) ââ¬Å"The 4 Iââ¬â¢s of Economic Growthâ⬠, INSEAD. Feiock, R, C, Moon, M, J Park, H, J (2008) ââ¬Å"Is the world ââ¬Å"flatâ⬠or ââ¬Å"spikyâ⬠? Rethinking the governance implications of globalization for economic developmentâ⬠, Public Administration Review. Florida, R (2005) ââ¬Å"The world in numbers: the world is spikeyâ⬠, The Atlantic Monthly October Edition. Florida, R (2002) ââ¬Å"The Rise of the Creative Class: And How Its Transforming Work, Leisure, Community, and Everyday Lifeâ⬠, Basic Books. Friedman T, L (2005) ââ¬Å"The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Centuryâ⬠, Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Hall, P, V, Hesse, M (2013) ââ¬Å"Cities, Regions and Flowsâ⬠, Routledge. Harvey Hashimoto, H (2004) ââ¬Å"Prospects for a Regional Human Rights Mechanism in East Asiaâ⬠, Routledge. Held, D (2004) ââ¬Å"A Globalizing World?: Culture, Economics, Politicsâ⬠, Routledge. Huggins, R and Izushi, H (2011) ââ¬Å"Competition, Competitive Advantage, and Clusters: The Ideas of Michael Porterâ⬠, Oxford University Press. Huggins, R and Izushi, H (2007) ââ¬Å"Competing for Knowledge: Creating, Connecting and Growingâ⬠, Routledge. Huggins and Thompson (2010) ââ¬Å"UK Competitiveness Index 2010â⬠, University of Wales Institute of Cardiff. Leamer Linchfeild, N (1980) ââ¬Å"Settlement Planning and Development: A Strategy for Land Policyâ⬠, University of British Columbia. Lipton, M (2009) ââ¬Å"Land Reform in Developing Countries: Property Rights and Property Wrongsâ⬠, Routledge. Luo, Y (2002) ââ¬Å"Multinational Enterprises in Emerging Marketsâ⬠Copenhagen Business School Press. Mander, J, Baker, D (2002) ââ¬Å"Does Globalisation help the poorâ⬠, Special report, International Forum on Globalisation Mayhew, S (2009) ââ¬Å"A Dictionary of Geographyâ⬠, Oxford University Press. Mellander, C, Florida, R, Asheim, B, T, Gertler, M (2014) ââ¬Å"The Creative Class Goes Globalâ⬠, Routledge. Nagle,G (1995) ââ¬Å"Development and Underdevelopmentâ⬠, Nelson. Ohmae, K (1995) ââ¬Å"The end of the nation state: The rise of the regional economyâ⬠, New York Free Press. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2006) ââ¬Å"Policy Framework for Investmentâ⬠, OECD Publishing. Porter, M, E (2008) ââ¬Å"On Competitionâ⬠, Harvard Business School Publishing. Porter, M, E (1990) ââ¬Å"The Competitive Advantage of Nationsâ⬠, MacMillan. Prasnikar, J (2006) ââ¬Å"Competitiveness, Social Responsibility and Economic Growthâ⬠, Nova Science Publishers. Silberstein, J, Maser, C (2000) ââ¬Å"Land-Use Planning for Sustainable Developmentâ⬠, CRC Press. Shirazi, J Shah, A (1991) ââ¬Å"Tax Policy in Developing Countriesâ⬠, The World Bank, Vol 19. Soule, D (2007) ââ¬Å"Remaking American Communities: A Reference Guide to Urban Sprawlâ⬠Greenwood Press. Soule, D (2006) ââ¬Å"Urban Sprawl: A Comprehensive Reference Guideâ⬠, Greenwood Press. Sander Shafaeddin, M (2012) ââ¬Å"Competitiveness and Development: Myth and Realitiesâ⬠, Anthem Press. Stalder, F (2006) ââ¬Å"Manuel Castells: The Theory of the Network Societyâ⬠, Polity press. Stiglitz, J, E (2002) ââ¬Å"Globalisms Discontentsâ⬠, American Prospect. Stolarick, K, Florida, R (2006) â⬠Creativity connections and innovation a study of linkages in the Montreal regionâ⬠, Environment and planning, Vol 38 pp 1799-1817. Thrift, N May, J (2001) ââ¬Å"Timespace: Geographies of Temporalityâ⬠, Routledge. World Bank (2004) â⬠2003 Annual Review of Development Effectiveness: The Effectiveness of Bank support for policy reformâ⬠, World Bank Operations Evaluation Department.
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
Studying Law within a Broad Context :: Law College Admissions Essays
Studying Law within a Broad Context à While the law may be too ungainly and inefficient a vehicle to directly change the world, it offers a unique opportunity to help influence people's interpretation of the world. I have always longed to be in a more intellectual environment where I might be allowed to see things from a different perspective. Having thoroughly enjoyed the academic study of Government and Politics and Economics where understanding political rhetoric and economic influences on government policies had to be analysed through abstract theories I am looking forward to studying law within a broad political, economical, historical and social context. Through obtaining a law degree, I will also be able to join many others in the struggle of our rights and dignity and strive within an imperfect political system toward the goal of greater equality within the law. à My work experience placements have left me wanting to do a lot more in the legal sphere. Whilst working at the BBC, the dominance of international and domestic issues in news items which were broadcast, highlighted the relevance of a thorough knowledge and understanding of social issues and hence the legal system. In addition my work experience in a non-governmental organisation (HCA) helped me to distinguish the different types of problems faced by those who were seeking help from the organisation, such as injustice and civil conflict. My work experience with a freelance solicitor has also been invaluable in gaining practical skills in the implementation of the existing law system. My work experiences have undoubtedly built upon the skills I have gained through my academic experiences. à Throughout my studies I have successfully undertaken individual research. I have prepared and presented seminars to my peer group and prioritised my workload to meet deadlines with work of a high standard. à Within my school community I have undertaken volunteer work. As a library assistant my duties included organising the book loan system and making sure younger students used their time efficiently. As a school prefect I held many responsibilities such as organising school events and monitoring younger students. I also participated in In-class support assistance where I assisted with year 11 German lessons. à Out of school I enjoy travelling to a variety of locations as this broadens my perspective of life. Meeting a wide range of people and learning about different cultures and traditions is I believe of paramount importance in comprehending the entire world.
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